The State And Economic Life - 1507 Words

Do the people run the state? Does the state control its people? Is there an invisible hand controlling all aspects of social and economic life or are the workings of the state and companies within the realm of economic life completely transparent? In order to answer these questions, we will need to first define the state, the people, and how they interact with each other like gears in a clock. These interactions between the state and economic life can lead politicians to impose their will on the country and market. To begin defining the relationship between the state and economic life, we will address the works of sociologist Karl Polanyi. Polanyi, in his 1957 paper titled â€Å"Trade and Market in the Early Empires† first differentiates†¦show more content†¦It relies on the ideas of choice between two, insufficient means (idea of scarcity) and using a rational and logical decision making process to choose between the means. (Polanyi 1957) Within economies, Polanyi co ncludes that there are four different modes or sectors of economical transactions. They are reciprocity, redistribution, exchange, and householding. Following are examples of each: reciprocity can be thought of as gift-exchange and is exemplified through holidays like Christmas or doing a favor for your friend since you believe that sometime, somehow it will be repaid back to you. Redistribution is all about hierarchical structure and the flow of resources up and down the chain of command. A prime example of resource redistribution would be the state and how it collects taxes, and then redistributes those taxes following whatever preset distribution they have. Next we have householding, which is probably the most abstract form of economy. Householding is made up of whatever you do yourself to advance or better your life that does not require any immediate market action such as cooking, cleaning, or childcare. The final mode of economy is exchange. Exchange includes markets and ratio nal actors with transactions based on a means-end relationship. Exchanges focuses on minimizing costs and maximizing benefits/profits, which is what you see

Continuous Human Activities Towards Global Warming Free Essays

string(38) " during the industrialization period\." The phenomenon described as global warming has been well studied and documented by researchers throughout the world for several years. It is a phenomenon that has the potential to destroy our planet and all life on it. This essay will briefly define global warming, provide evidence of global warming, outline the main causes of global warming and discuss both the known and potential impacts of global warming on the planet earth. We will write a custom essay sample on Continuous Human Activities Towards Global Warming or any similar topic only for you Order Now Comments are also made concerning actions being taken as well as others that need to be taken to protect our planet from the potential catastrophic consequences of continued global warming. For thousands of years the earth has gone through many changes in climate. In the last decade however, the earth has experienced notable increases in temperature, resulting in rising sea levels, changes in precipitation as well as other climate changes. The earth has not experienced such dramatic climate changes before in it’s history as it has in the last one hundred years. Some of these climatic changes have been blamed on global warming. What is this phenomenon referred to as global warming? Global warming is the term used to describe a moderate increase in the earth’s temperature as a result of human activities. Examples include, the burning of fossil fuels and the production of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which build up greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The greenhouse effect is a term used to describe the warming of the earth’s surface due to the presence of carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases, which trap radiant heat at the earth’s surface. Diagram 1 illustrates the greenhouse effect. The denser these gases the more heat that is trapped. Energy from the sun drives the earth’s weather and climate, and heats the earth’s surface; in turn, the earth radiates energy back into space. Atmospheric greenhouse gases (water vapour, carbon dioxide, and other gases) trap some of the outgoing energy retaining heat. This is not unlike the glass panels of a greenhouse. (EPA 1) The increase in the amounts of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane from industries and cars causes energy to be trapped in the earth’s atmosphere resulting in a rise of global temperatures. Without a little greenhouse effect though, life as we know it could not possibly exist on the earth. The natural greenhouse effect causes the mean temperature of the earth’s surface to be approximately 33 degrees Celsius warmer than it would be if natural greenhouse gases were not present in the earth’s atmosphere. (The Greenhouse Trap, 1) However, scientists are worried that human activities are intensifying the greenhouse effect. Cairncross writes, â€Å"global warming is likely to be the result of the build-up of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide† (Cairncross 111). The three main greenhouse gases produced by human activities are carbon dioxide, methane and nitrogen gas. Carbon dioxide is the most common greenhouse gas produced by humans. It is responsible for over half of the increase in greenhouse gases present in the atmosphere. This is primarily due to the burning of fossil fuels. Each year, the burning of fossil fuels releases 5. 5 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. (footnote) The main sources of carbon dioxide include, electric utilities (35%), transport (30%), industry (24%), and the other 11% is produced by residential buildings (Brisbane Adventist College www. ozkidz). The graph below shows the dramatic increase in carbon dioxide gases in the atmosphere. It is believed that since the Industrial Revolution began about 250 years ago, atmospheric carbon dioxide has increased from a value of about 275 parts per million before the Industrial Revolution to about 360 parts per million in 1996, and the rate of increase has speeded up over this span of time (Hartmann). Scientists have determined this by measuring the carbon dioxide levels in the air that became trapped in glaciers, hundreds of years ago. They then compare this to the amounts of carbon dioxide in today’s air. Global warming was first predicted in 1896, by a Swedish chemist named Svante Arrhenius. Arrhenius realized that the amount of carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere was increasing rapidly due to industrialization. Arrhenius predicted that doubling the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would raise the earth’s average temperature by about 5 °C (Herring). Though no one really paid any attention to him, Arrhenius’s prediction was surprisingly accurate. He was only off by about 2 to 3 degrees. This is very remarkable, considering he had to make the calculations by hand without the aid of scientific equipment. It was not until the 1980’s that it was determined global warming was actually occurring, almost a hundred years after it was first predicted by Arrhenius. Global warming has already raised the average temperature of the earth’s surface by about 0. 5 degrees within the last one hundred years (Bates 6). The top ten warmest days in recorded history have all occurred within the 1990’s. Global temperature changes between 1861 and 1996 are outlined in Diagram 2. It has been estimated that global average temperatures will increase of as much as 9 degrees F (5 degrees C) before the year 2999 (6). Up until recently most of the carbon dioxide produced was absorbed by the world’s oceans, trees and soils. The rest remained in the atmosphere. Unfortunately, now we are producing more carbon dioxide and our oceans, trees and soils are absorbing less. This is partly attributed to the fact that our forests are being destroyed. Research has been done to show that as many as 60 acres of rain forest are being destroyed, every hour, every day of the year. (The Rain forest Trust Inc. ) In the world, only 22% of the old growth forests are still alive. This is because more forests are being cleared to make room for farming and the trees are not being replaced. This destructive process is called deforestation. Deforestation has been going on since man began clearing land for agriculture and has increased substantially during the industrialization period. You read "Continuous Human Activities Towards Global Warming" in category "Essay examples" The dramatic decline in the earth’s forested areas can be seen on Figure 1. Figure 1 shows that between the years 900 and 1990 the earth’s forested area has declined from 40% to 20%. The rain forests of the world are being destroyed at an alarming rate. Their loss is very concerning because they do not grow back easily. Forests are important because they absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen back into the atmosphere. Forests help reduce carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. If current trends continue, the world’s rain forests could disappear in the next few decades. As a result of the loss of these forests, global temperatures are rising faster than they ever have because less carbon dioxide is being removed from the atmosphere. Should global temperatures continue to increase at present day rates, scientists believe that there may be many negative impacts from global warming. For example, should temperatures continue to rise, polar ice caps and glaciers will melt, causing the sea and ocean levels to rise. Many beaches will sink beneath the water and many parts of low lying counties will be submerged below water. It is also possible that some coastal areas will be completely covered by water. The world’s ocean levels have already risen about four to six inches since 1990 and it is expected to rise another six inches by the year 2100. (Leatherman) This could flood many coastal cities, leaving thousands of people homeless. Maps 1 and 2 show the potential impact of raising sea levels on North Carolina and Florida respectively. Another potentially disastrous effect of global warming is a reduction to the general health of people. There are some diseases that only affect people that live where the climate is extremely warm. As a result of a general increase in temperature there will be more people dying everyday because of heart problems related to heat exhaustion. Hospital admissions show that death rates increase during extremely hot days, particularly among the very old and very young people living in cities. Diseases in tropical areas, like yellow fever and malaria would be more common in areas like Canada and the United States should temperatures rise. This would cause thousands to die each year from these tropical diseases. Global warming trends will also change rainfall patterns. Some areas of the world will become wetter while others will become drier. Historical evidence suggests that the grain-growing areas of North America are likely to have less rain (Bates 19). This would result in the Great Plains becoming a grassland or desert and the corn belt would experience more frequent droughts. These changes in rainfall patterns will test the agricultural and water management skills of many countries. It is still possible for both industrialized and developing countries to stop global warming. To prevent serious environmental problems associated with global warming we will have to bring together widely different cultural, political and economic interests to pursue the majority of the world’s people to make sacrifices for the sake of future generations. In December 1997, an agreement was made between 160 countries, in Kyoto, Japan, to cut greenhouse emissions by 5. % below 1990 levels by the 2008-2012 period. This means that the United States and Japan will have to lower their greenhouse emissions by 7 and 6 percent respectively. This reduction is to be accomplished by a blend of taxes and regulations, with some subsidies for implementing green technologies. (proquest article) Most companies are trying to work well ahead of the agreement date and reduce greenhouse emissions now. Should a company cut their emissions to the point where they reduce their emissions by more than 5. 2%, they can receive pollution credits, which can be sold to other companies. Stopping global warming will not be an easy task. There are going to have to be many initiatives taken to stop global warming. The only way we will be able to accomplish this is by getting the whole world to work together and reduce the production of carbon dioxide. This is especially true for the United States, a country which is the biggest polluter on the planet. The most effective way to prevent global warming is to stop emitting dangerous greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. A good way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions is practice the three R’s; reduce, reuse and recycle. Purchasing food and other products in reusable and recycled packaging can help reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 230 pounds per year, while recycling all household waste newsprint, cardboard, glass and metal can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by an additional 850 pounds per year (http://www. p2pays. org/ref/01/00183. htm). Less use of automobiles, greater use of bicycles and more reliance on walking would also help to reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. There are other gases like nitrogen and oxygen that have little or no effect on greenhouse warming. We need to find ways to replace the dangerous fossil fuels with these less harmful gases instead. We should immediately start implementing alternative energy sources like solar power, hydropower, and wind power. These sources of energy do not add to global warming but are very expensive to implement today. When we entered the 20th century, the human race did not have the technology to greatly alter the delicate balance of our planet. During the 20th century the human race quickly developed technologies and industrial processes that began to affect the balance of our planet. The problems related to global warming, which we face at the start of the new millennium cannot be separated into compact, well defined groups. The issues we face today are not just increased carbon dioxide levels, deforestation, increased sea levels, or increased polar ice melting. These issues are all interrelated and global in nature. They are also not just problems of science, they are political, economical and cultural problems. Global warming will only became a political and cultural priority when people see it as a serious problem which is likely to affect them personally. We first need to be able to understand clearly the direct impacts which global warming will bring before we will begin to change our values and lifestyles to one based on sustainable development practices. Sacrifices will have to be made from our current high standards of living in industrialized countries. While there does not appear to be any agreement on the scope and timing of the effects of global warming, we as a civilization face an uncertain future if we do not change our ways. Bates writes, â€Å"we stand at the edge of an onrushing catastrophe† (Bates 190). The human race needs to collectively act to avoid a global crisis. We as humans have the ability to change and adapt to change around us and to decide what our life will be like. Governments of the world will need to work together to stop global warming. There is only one planet that we can live on right now, so we need to respect it and protect it. We must stop destroying our only home. Are we as Canadians prepared to make the sacrifices needed to change our attitudes about our high standard of living and the pursuit of personal wealth in order to save our planet? How to cite Continuous Human Activities Towards Global Warming, Essay examples

Early Childhood Education in Australia

Questions: The assessment folio has two parts: A newsletter Reflection1. Create a succinct and informative newsletter for parents.2. Write a reflection covering the following points: How can teachers use newsletters to encourage parental involvement? What kind of language style did you use to make families feel welcome? Why it is important to work in partnership with parents/families to support childrens language and literacy learning? What strategies do teachers use to value the childs home language/s and cultural backgrounds? Answers: The Model of Reggio Emilia From the perspective of educational systems, Reggio Emilia a north Italian town has an established reputation worldwide for keeping a forward thought process towards initial education of children in their early childhood. Reggio Approach functions with inherent factors which are inclusive of a childs image, the preschool establishment expressive arts, progettazione, communities and relationships between parents and schools, environment and teachers. All these factors are considered essential because of their general inter-relation. Childs Image: The image of a child under Reggio Emilia approach model is not that of an empty glass eagerly waiting for being completely filled with information. Rather the belief of educators of Reggio approach lies in the childs image filled with positivity, strength and limitless potential. According to them, a child has all fundamental rights to realize and analyze their individual potentials. Expressive art: holds an important place in the approach of Reggio and is known as a learning vehicle. Expressive art Is inclusive of activities related with drawing on daily basis in order to making the early childhood children express themselves through art. Various expressive activities are used for motivating children and these are inclusive of sculptures, dramas, plays, puppet play, painting, dance and even music. Progettazione: The term is understood often to imply emergent curriculum or curriculum centered on children. Teachers under this approach learn by observing the mood of children, by listening to them in a careful manner and by giving value to the childrens thought so that interest can be generated in them. The word implies children to be protagonists of students. Learning strategies adopted by Teachers Teachers play an important role under Reggio Emilia approach model especially because they are responsible for managing the relationship between learning and teaching known as progettazione and based on that teachers adopt speculative principles and learning strategies that will help students to grow individually and consistently: Learning Strategy 1: Teachers acknowledge children to be individuals and helps them in creating trust with the teachers so that learning can take place in a fruitful manner. By this students become more supportive and the teachers keep motivating them to enjoy on their journey to learn. From time to time, students are monitored by giving them projects based on environment or individual assessment so that the teacher knows the children are grasping what they are taught in a proper manner. Open ended questions are also part of this strategy because teachers by this strategy can help teachers monitor the progress of the students. Learning Strategy 2: Teachers always document everything that they teach to the children and this is why programs inspired by Reggio Emilia approach are always documented as they serve various functions and are essential tools. According to Gandini, 1996, routinely teachers are meant to take notes and photos along with making tape records of discussions and play of children in the class. The childrens projects being documented are properly also arranged with the use of transcript conversations with the students. Learning Strategies 3: Expressive Arts is another strategy under the approach of Reggio Emilia which helps students to establish their selves through art and become more expressive when they grow up. Encouraging Parental Involvement Educators under Reggio Emilia approach describe their technique to be a collaboration of relationship pedagogy and the whole foundation of this model is to develop relationships by explaining conceptions and experiencing them. Through Reggio Emilia approach parents and teachers in a collaborated manner work towards accomplishing the goal of children progress and through this relationship the growth of the students can be monitored in collaboration. The most distinctive characteristic of Reggio Model is the participation of parents and communities. The core significance to the school life has been highlighted in the Right Charter inclusive of a part on parents rights illustrating that parents active participation makes students more adhere to their learning principles and are able to perfectly grow through the same approach. Parents through this approach and their communities can see their children prosper through collectivism and co-operation. Such an educational approach is not only important from the perspective of education systems but the fact that it establishes relationships is a proof of parental responsibility in early childhood years of their children when educating them. Reflection Encouraging parents involvement through Newsletter The significant role of parents in initial childhood education has delivered increasing recognition in various countries since several years. Most schools have encouraged parents for being involved in life at school in various ways (Moss et al 2002). Fundraising and children accompanied by parents on trips from school were initial techniques that had a narrow scope of really encouraging the involvement of parents throughout early childhood consistently. Newsletters have been highly successful in bringing parents closer to their childrens school life. I think, newsletters are the traditional medium by which parents are able to analyze, see for their own selves and effectively understand the educational system their child is studying at, in their early childhood years. Moreover, parents through the medium of newsletters are ensured of the following: Being the first to come in contact with the education system through the medium of newsletter which means there is no third party involved that can influence the parents decision (Moss et al 2002). Communication is possible in a straight forward manner and simply avoids jargon of educational systems which have made it repeated for the parents to acknowledge Ensuring that every parent should have a consistent access over clear, concise and can easily read the data on the school and the curriculum. Parents are also able to share their issues and thoughts directly at the address mentioned in the newsletter. Language and differences of culture are not promoted through newsletters Newsletters are able to consistently establish meaningful way of communicating Language style used The use of language is important when communicating with children as well with their parents. Parents are warm towards their children and their attitude aggravates if the use of language is even slightly disoriented (Moss et al 2002). Therefore, the language used was very soft, it was warm and completely positive so as to motivate the parents in taking part and forming a bond under the education model recommended highly through the newsletter. Significance of working in partnership The relationship which is shared between schools and parents is an important one. Parents need to be encouraged for becoming involved with activities in classroom but this is not enough as parents need to be explained the value of becoming partners in the learning process of their child. If parental involvement in the hours of classroom is encouraged then it certainly disturbs the learning of children (Moss et al 1996). With equal partnership of parents in the matters of school, without their physical involvement itself everything about the progress of the student is directly explained in the form of assessment sheets. By enhancing their partnership, information is delivered to the parents by asking them sensitive questions on the school events. It is complicated for the parents to be completely partnered with school without them having adequate information about what goes on the thought process and learning process of children. Also, true partnership encourages personal contact whic h makes the parents know that the teachers with whom their children spend most of the hours with are efficient. Strategies used for valuing the home language and cultural background of Children There are various factors in the school that impact the culturally diverse students success inclusive of the atmosphere of school and complete belief on diversity, community involvement and curriculum which are culturally responsive. Of the many factors individual relationship and academic relationship of the students with their teachers is of extreme important because without this, there is hardly any subjective outcome that can be enabled through subsequent usage. The relationship which is shared between schools and parents is an important on (Penn et al 1997). Parents need to be encouraged for becoming involved with activities in classroom but this is not enough as parents need to be explained the value of becoming partners in the learning process of their child. In addition, the strategies that the teachers use are mostly related to their behavior illustrating that a teachers behavior needs to be positive and inclusive when teaching a large number of students with different cultures and languages. If not all but there should be some knowledge in the teacher about those language specific words with some of the languages of the students studying in the classroom. This would in turn illustrate that the teacher has an inclusive attitude and through such similar enlightenments the teacher is able to offer the students with a place where everything is equal. Building a relationship with every child in the school is also very crucial. Focusing on the way in which learning for students is taking place and students are observed for identifying their orientations of task leads towards advancements in learning and understanding (Rinaldi 2006). There are various issues that the teacher can face in multi lingual and culturally diverse such as, students f acing problem communicating and understanding but with matching attitudes and matching behaviors, teachers will be able to establish profound relationships in the classroom which consequently cultivate productivity. Students learn only when they experience positivity but this positivity is not possible in a socially excluded environment of school. References Moss, P., and Petrie, P., From Childrens Services to Childrens Spaces: Public Policy, Children and Childhood, Routledge, 2002 Moss, P., and Penn, H., Transforming Nursery Education, Paul Chapman Publishing, 1996. Penn, H., Comparing Nurseries: Staff and Children in Italy, Spain and the UK, Paul Chapman Publishing, 1997. Project Zero and Reggio Children, Making Learning Visible: Children as Individual and Group Learners, Reggio Children, 2001 Rinaldi, C., In Dialogue with Reggio Emilia: Listening, Researching and Learning, Routledge, 2006

Analyse the dramatic function of Benvolio and Mercutio in the play Romeo and Juliet Essay Example

Analyse the dramatic function of Benvolio and Mercutio in the play Romeo and Juliet   Paper Romeo and Juliet is traditionally a love story, however it also includes elements of humour and tragedy. The characters Mercutio and Benvolio both contribute to these elements, providing not only comedy but also sensibility. Both are important as not only do they bring another layer to the story and keep the audience entertained, because they are friends with Romeo they influence him significantly, and provide the catalyst which prompts him to meet Juliet, kill Tybalt and ultimately to a certain extent kill himself (leading to Juliet killing herself). The huge contrast between the characters of Mercutio and Benvolio is also very important one is extremely peaceful and passive, while the other is aggressive and lively. To a certain extent they almost signify Romeos two extremes, both of which can be seen in various points throughout the play, as Romeo shows aspects of both Mercutios enthusiasm and Benvolios peace loving nature (although not to the extent of the original two character s). This role is important because it means that Mercutio and Benvolio can show the huge contrast in Romeos character and influence him in different ways. Benvolios prosaic function is that he acts as an objective reporter or messenger of actions to others. This is necessary as it not only informs other characters of what has happened so far, it also serves as a quick reminder to the audience of the events that have taken place (as they may have forgotten during all the action). For example, after Mercutio has been slain, the Prince asks Benvolio to explain who the beginners of the bloody fray were, and he recounts the events accurately and fairly. Even though Lady Capulet accuses Benvolio of speaking not true as he is a kinsman to the house of Montague, the Prince does not see it necessary to doubt his words, which shows that he is even trusted by high members of authority, further proving his sincerity and earnestness. Another function of Benvolio is that he, to a certain extent, is a peacemaker. This role of peacemaker is crucial to the story as it provides a good level of contrast with most of the other characters in the play, who are either locked up in the feud, or just generally have an aggressive disposition (like Tybalt and Mercutio, for example). We will write a custom essay sample on Analyse the dramatic function of Benvolio and Mercutio in the play Romeo and Juliet   specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Analyse the dramatic function of Benvolio and Mercutio in the play Romeo and Juliet   specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Analyse the dramatic function of Benvolio and Mercutio in the play Romeo and Juliet   specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This is shown well in Act 1 Scene 1 when a fight breaks out between the two opposing houses. Benvolio tries to keep the peace by beating down their swords. Although he does try to get the combatants to put up their swords, he will not hesitate to fight himself if necessary (as proved when he defends himself against Tybalt, who calls him a coward). This demonstrates that although Benvolio does like to avoid confrontations and conflicts, he wants to uphold the Tudor honour (and thus the honour of the Montague house) which would be important both at the time and also to the audience watching (if Benvolio did not fight when he was threatened, then he would be considered a real coward, and many audience members would think that he was weak and therefore would not like him as a character). Also, this proves that he is not so much of a pacifist that he will not fight when someone is threatening him, therefore showing that he is also sensible and rational. His level-head and shrewd actions are highlighted in two of his other functions. He is the serious one out of the three friends (Romeo, himself and Mercutio), and he is always the one to stop Mercutio and Romeos bantering getting out of hand. For example, when in Act 2 Scene 4 Mercutio and Romeo embark on a small quibble involving lewd wordplay, Benvolio tells them to stop there. He is necessary here so that the plot can move on from the humorous teasing (which, however funny, cannot go on forever) to the arrival of the Nurse, which is required to confirm the impending marriage of Romeo and Juliet. Benvolios other role is as a comforter and sage to Romeo. At the beginning of the play, Romeo is suffering from unrequited love with fair Rosaline, and calls this love a choking gall but also a preserving sweet, showing that although for him the love he feels is beautiful and healing, because it is unreciprocated it is also poisonous and painful. Benvolio tries to console Romeo by telling him to forget to think of her and to examine other beauties. Although Romeo refuses to believe that Benvolio can teach him to forget about Rosaline, Benvolio still persists, illustrating that he is a good friend who is determined to make Romeo happy again. Benvolios resolution to cure Romeo of his good hearts oppression is what causes both of them to go to the rich Capulets ancient feast, as he thinks that going to this party will allow Romeo to look at other admired beauties and no longer think that Rosaline is like a swan, but more of a crow. Therefore Benvolio acts as a catalyst in the storyline, as it is at this party that Romeo meets Juliet, and the whole basis of the play is formed. It is also on the way to this ball that we meet Mercutio, another important character in the play. Unlike the peace-keeping role of the serious Benvolio, Mercutios main function in the play is that he acts as a comedy element. He constantly jokes and mocks, often using vulgar imagery (for example when the Nurse asks about the time, Mercutio answers that the dial is now upon the prick of noon). Shakespeare made Mercutio tease others continuously because this way, the audience would be frequently kept entertained throughout the play. Many of the audience members (especially the poorer ones) would have had to stand up for three or four hours, and if Shakespeare could make them laugh through Mercutio, then they would perhaps forget about their discomfort and enjoy the play more. Also, as the play is ultimately a tragedy as well as a romance, adding comedy would bring another layer to the story, allowing the audience to experience a full range of emotions, from sadness and despair to delight and amusement, thus enriching the experience of the play. However, Mercutios function does not just involve being the comic element (as this function is also supported by the Nurse, who too contributes her own type of coarse humour). He can also use beautiful poetic language, which illustrates his eloquence and vivid imagination, which is used to entertain the audience in another way (as opposed to his witty remarks). A good example of this is during his speech about Queen Mab in Act 1 Scene 4, where he juxtaposes lovely and delicate imagery about the wings of grasshoppers and Queen Mabs harness of the smallest spider web to more unsettling and violent pictures of soldiers who have dreams of cutting foreign throats. This shows his aggressive nature, which is needed as it eventually proves his undoing (as he challenges Tybalt which ultimately results in his own death). This speech also shows his cynical side, as he talks of lawyers who think of money and fees. This cynical personality is another function of Mercutio, as it allows his perception and understanding of love to sharply contrast that of Romeos. Mercutio uses coarse physical imagery and sexual jokes when he describes love and women (as he views women as solely a physical pursuit) and is sceptical and mocking of Romeos devotion to the fair and distant Rosaline and his idealised notion of love, for example when Romeo describes love as pricking like a thorn, Mercutio puns lewdly that if love be rough with you, be rough with love: prick love for pricking, and you beat love down!. Mercutios view of love does not change throughout the play, for example when he is trying to summon Romeo later on he makes the bold statement that he wishes Rosaline were an open-arse and Romeo a poprin pear. This description falls on deaf ears with Romeo, who says that Mercutio jests at scars that never felt a wound, implying that Mercutio has not experienced true love like Romeo has, thus showing us how intense, real and spiritual his love for Juliet really is, as compared to his old love (or lack thereof) for Rosaline or Mercutios perception of love. This therefore illustrates to the audience that Romeos own perception of love has changed, which is also shown by the different language that he uses. Instead of talking of love being too rough as he did with Rosaline, he starts to use imagery that is celestial and associated with nature, calling Juliet his bright angel and dear saint. This change in language tells us that the love he feels for Juliet is not just physical, it is also in a way physic. Consequently, Romeos beautiful language to describe Juliet and the love he feels for her contrasts even more sharply than before with the language that Mercutio uses to describe what he feels love is, so it allows the audience to see even more clearly how Romeo has matured in his outlook. This maturation of Romeo is another function of Mercutio he gives rise to Romeos growth in personality, not just through the contrast between his view of love and Romeos, but also through his death. Mercutios death is very important as it serves many purposes not only does it change Romeo completely (as Romeo has to come to terms with the fact that Mercutio was hurt under [his] arm), it also is the turning point in the play, moving it from what was predominately a comedy to a tragedy. Throughout the play Mercutio has been a light hearted, fun character, who generally enjoys life and has constantly made witty remarks. His attitude to the fight keeps in with his character it begins playfully, with Mercutio calling Tybalt Good King of Cats and fighting in an elegant and skilful manner with his passado and punto reverso. However, ironically, the fight ends tragically, with Mercutio being stabbed. Even in death, Mercutio fulfils his role as comedian right to the end, stating that tomorrow, he will be a grave man. Using comedy here helps to buffer the sadness and shock that will come with the audiences realisation that Mercutio is dying, as it is the first death of a main character in the play (after Mercutios death, many other deaths follow in succession). The comedy element is also why people warmed to him to begin with, so to see him especially dying is poignant and heartbreaking, and shows to the audience the stupidity of the feud and how it lacks necessity. Although Mercutio is the only character to blame his death on actual people (both of the houses) instead of some external force (namely fate), he also puts a plague on both of houses, which contributes to the role of fate in the demise of Romeo and Juliet. In fact, it is after Mercutios death that things really start to go wrong for the eponymous hero and heroine of the play Romeo slays Tybalt, resulting in his banishment, Juliet is forced to marry the County Paris, so seeks Friar Lawrence for help, meaning that he gives her a vial which makes her take on some sort of feigned death, ending in the real deaths of both Romeo and Juliet. Romeo would not have been banished if it was not for Mercutio dying, as then he would not have slayed Tybalt. Therefore Mercutios death is a catal yst and it is necessary in moving the story forward. His death also causes Romeo to mature as he has to come to terms with being blamed for killing Mercutio, killing Tybalt and being banished from Verona so consequently from his bright angel. To conclude, the characters of Mercutio and Benvolio are essential to the play Romeo and Juliet because they act as catalysts which move the play along towards the fated ending, as well as add humour and sensibility on the way. They (Mercutio especially) are needed to entertain the audience, and therefore make them enjoy the play more (as the role of a play is to be enjoyed). Plus, the fact that Benvolio and Mercutio are consistent characters who do not change make a brilliant comparison with Romeo, who alters in many ways throughout the play. Their consistency makes Romeos development far more marked. It is also worth noticing that Benvolio is perhaps the only character at the end of the play to remain unharmed and unchanged, unlike the passionate Mercutio or the loving Romeo. Perhaps this is Shakespeares way of showing us that a peaceful, docile and sensible nature will ultimately mean that one can survive, while fervour and fire are dangerous and may lead to untoward circumstances .

The Great Gatsby9 essays

The Great Gatsby9 essays In The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the scene of violence in which Myrtle Wilson is hit and killed by Daisy Buchanan in the car contributes to the books meaning by showing that in the end lovers never win. There is evidence of many characters in The Great Gatsby cheating on one another. Once the cheater is revealed relationships and peoples lives are ruined. While at the hotel, Jay Gatsby, Tom and Daisy Buchanan argued about who Daisy really loved. As the argument escalated Jay Gatsby, Daisys lover, left with Daisy in his car for home. While Daisy was driving, a frantic woman ran out into the road, and Daisy hit her. Daisy was so distraught by what had happened at the hotel, she didnt stop to see if the woman had been killed. The woman that Daisy hit and killed was Myrtle Wilson, which happened to be her husband, Tom Buchanans lover. Tom and Myrtles relationship seemed false from the start. Myrtles dream of being rich led her closer to Tom. And the feeling Tom got when he gave Myrtle expensive gifts pleased him. Tom liked the feeling of giving Myrtle something material that made her happy. Myrtles husband, George Wilson, was poor, and he couldnt provide the rich life Myrtle wanted. Their relationship was built on this false hope of Tom and Myrtle one day being married, although Myrtle believed this to be true, Tom knew that he would never be able to leave his wife. These two came from different ends ...

Economic Integration within the EU Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economic Integration within the EU - Essay Example (Arestis, P. et al 1999) DG ECFIN economists are playing vital role in the ongoing forward-looking review of the European Union single market that the European Commission is chalking out. The barriers still exist in the internal market of the Union. Which indicates that many benefits have yet to be realised The potential of the single market is to be contributed to a more dynamic, innovative and competitive EU From the economic perspective of the single market review, DG ECFIN analysts advised that it is time to move towards a more economics-based and results-oriented approach using the targeted monitoring of selected markets and sectors. It would bring real improvements to the operations of the single market. The objective is to realize the four freedoms enshrined in the treaty. . At present, this vision is a successful reality in many spheres. The individuals can live, work, study or retire in any EU country. The Consumers would have an extensive choice of products and services at lower prices. The businesses would have lower costs and more opportunities to flourish in a Europe of close to 500 million customers without internal boundaries. The expected gains for the EU economy from the single market inducts an extra 2.2% on GDP and more than 2.75 million jobs created between 1992 and 2006. The The single market may be deemed as a natural coefficient of economic and monetary union (EMU). The euro is not only substitutes the single market by removing the costs and inconveniences of multiple currencies, but it is also the concrete expression of the willingness of the euro-area Member States to work together within EMU. This is a strong, united and sustainable EU economy that can defend Europe's citizens against global catastrophe and turbulence. Many policies for a single market Using a constitutional political economy approach, this paper attempts to demonstrate that both the "principle of integrity" and the "principle of efficiency" of collective action appear to be violated by the European economic constitution. This occurs, respectively, because its provisions are not neutral, nor revisable, and because they do not sufficiently allow for the possibility of cooperative collective decision (leading to convergence in welfare) in a more than ever numerous and heterogeneous EU. Essential argument in this respect regards the implications of the structurally different economic performances and incentives of small and large countries under the European economic constitution. (Laurent, E., and Cacheux, J. L. (2005), From the very beginning, the single market mechanism was more important than an economic policy decision. The ongoing crucial negotiations on an EU patent to defend European innovations; and a common trade policy. It would gives flawless access to the single market for our global trade partners while promoting EU exports and our social and environmental standards globally. It was expected to launch a more dynamic, innovative and competitive EU economy. This has not materialized: economic growth in the EU, determined by GDP per capita, has been below that of the US over the last ten years. Fabienne Ilzkovitz, one of the report's authors, who clarifies the economic

Write an interesting topic Thesis Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Write an interesting topic - Thesis Proposal Example strialized world that Western society finds itself in today, coupled with its renewed capitalistic tendencies, has actually served to destroy the basis for our rational and peaceful culture that previously existed. This can be seen through an examination of life before the first World War was thrust upon us, and how the rapid industrialization that took place throughout Europe and North America was accompanied by the breakdown of the traditional family structure, resulting in increased greed and corruption throughout much of society. The suppositions proposed herein can be verified with empirical evidence located in historical records and the writings of scholars that lived throughout and studied this particular time period of Western society. This study will focus on a carful analysis of the various cultures of the West and how industrialization has slowly eroded away at its rational, peaceful, and congenial